Page last updated: 2024-12-09

1-(5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)ethan-1-one

Description Research Excerpts Clinical Trials Roles Classes Pathways Study Profile Bioassays Related Drugs Related Conditions Protein Interactions Research Growth Market Indicators

1-(5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)ethan-1-one, also known as **loxitane** or **loxapine**, is an **atypical antipsychotic medication**. It's an important research subject due to its unique mechanism of action and potential for therapeutic applications.

Here's a breakdown of its significance:

**Mechanism of Action:**

* **Dopamine and Serotonin Antagonist:** Loxitane primarily acts as an antagonist of dopamine and serotonin receptors. It exhibits higher affinity for D2 receptors compared to D1, and also blocks 5-HT2 receptors. This dual action is believed to contribute to its antipsychotic effects, while minimizing some of the motor side effects associated with typical antipsychotics.
* **Other Receptor Interactions:** Loxitane also has affinity for other receptors, such as alpha-1 adrenergic and muscarinic receptors, which could explain some of its side effects.

**Therapeutic Applications:**

* **Schizophrenia:** Loxitane is effective in managing positive symptoms of schizophrenia, such as hallucinations and delusions.
* **Other Mental Disorders:** It has also been studied for its potential benefits in treating conditions like bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and depression, although evidence is less robust in these areas.

**Research Significance:**

* **Understanding Atypical Antipsychotics:** Loxitane is an important tool for researchers to understand the mechanism of action of atypical antipsychotics and the role of dopamine and serotonin in psychosis.
* **Developing New Antipsychotics:** Research on loxitane and other atypical antipsychotics has paved the way for the development of newer medications with improved efficacy and fewer side effects.
* **Exploring Novel Therapeutic Targets:** Loxitane's unique receptor profile has sparked interest in exploring other targets for treating mental disorders.

**Limitations and Concerns:**

* **Side Effects:** Loxitane can cause several side effects, including sedation, weight gain, extrapyramidal symptoms (movement disorders), and metabolic disturbances.
* **Cardiovascular Risks:** It's important to monitor patients for potential cardiovascular risks associated with loxitane, as it can affect heart rate and blood pressure.

**Overall, 1-(5H-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)ethan-1-one (loxapine) is a valuable research tool that has contributed significantly to our understanding of antipsychotic medication and the treatment of mental disorders.** It continues to be a focus of ongoing research, with the aim of developing safer and more effective treatments for these conditions.

Cross-References

ID SourceID
PubMed CID606375
CHEMBL ID3103397
CHEBI ID192674
SCHEMBL ID7980250

Synonyms (24)

Synonym
1-(11h-benzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-ethanone
5-ACETYL-5H-DIBENZO[B,F]AZEPINE ,
SR-01000631565-1
MAYBRIDGE4_003172
HMS1530A04
BRD-K45302550-001-01-4
1-benzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-ylethanone
CHEBI:192674
1-(5h-dibenzo[b,f]azepin-5-yl)ethan-1-one
CCG-41494
bdbm50446082
CHEMBL3103397 ,
SCHEMBL7980250
n-acetyl-5h-dibenzo[b,f]azepine
5-acetyl-5h-dibenz[b,f]azepine
AKOS024359391
5-acetyl-5h-dibenzo[b,f]azepine #
19209-60-0
1-{2-azatricyclo[9.4.0.0(3),?]pentadeca-1(11),3(8),4,6,9,12,14-heptaen-2-yl}ethan-1-one
3W-1547
5-acetyl-5h-dibenz(b,f)azepine
iminostilbene acetate
1-{2-azatricyclo[9.4.0.03,8]pentadeca-1(11),3,5,7,9,12,14-heptaen-2-yl}-1-ethanone
1-(5h-dibenzo[b,f]azepine-5-yl)ethanone
[information is derived through text-mining from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Drug Classes (1)

ClassDescription
dibenzooxazepineAn organic heterotricyclic compound consisting of two benzene rings fused to a seven-membered ring containing one oxygen and one nitrogen atom.
[compound class information is derived from Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI), Hastings J, Owen G, Dekker A, Ennis M, Kale N, Muthukrishnan V, Turner S, Swainston N, Mendes P, Steinbeck C. (2016). ChEBI in 2016: Improved services and an expanding collection of metabolites. Nucleic Acids Res]

Protein Targets (1)

Inhibition Measurements

ProteinTaxonomyMeasurementAverageMin (ref.)Avg (ref.)Max (ref.)Bioassay(s)
P2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)IC50 (µMol)100.00000.15602.93526.1000AID1064727
[prepared from compound, protein, and bioassay information from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Biological Processes (36)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
regulation of ruffle assemblyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
tissue homeostasisP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of sodium ion transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to ischemiaP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
signal transductionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of blood pressureP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transport into cytosolP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
negative regulation of cardiac muscle hypertrophyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal action potentialP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of painP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of prostaglandin secretionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
monoatomic ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to fluid shear stressP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
purinergic nucleotide receptor signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
endothelial cell activationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of blood vessel endothelial cell migrationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic processP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
behavioral response to painP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
response to axon injuryP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium-mediated signalingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of chemotaxisP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
sensory perception of touchP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transductionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
membrane depolarizationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of calcium ion transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
regulation of cardiac muscle contractionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
relaxation of cardiac muscleP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
excitatory postsynaptic potentialP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
calcium ion transmembrane transportP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to zinc ionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cellular response to ATPP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
apoptotic signaling pathwayP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of microglial cell migrationP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
positive regulation of endothelial cell chemotaxisP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Molecular Functions (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
purinergic nucleotide receptor activityP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
extracellularly ATP-gated monoatomic cation channel activityP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
signaling receptor bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
copper ion bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ATP bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
zinc ion bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
identical protein bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cadherin bindingP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
ligand-gated calcium channel activityP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Ceullar Components (10)

Processvia Protein(s)Taxonomy
lysosomal membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cell junctionP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
neuronal cell bodyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
terminal boutonP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
dendritic spineP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
cell bodyP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
perinuclear region of cytoplasmP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
extracellular exosomeP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
plasma membraneP2X purinoceptor 4Homo sapiens (human)
[Information is prepared from geneontology information from the June-17-2024 release]

Bioassays (7)

Assay IDTitleYearJournalArticle
AID540299A screen for compounds that inhibit the MenB enzyme of Mycobacterium tuberculosis2010Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, Nov-01, Volume: 20, Issue:21
Synthesis and SAR studies of 1,4-benzoxazine MenB inhibitors: novel antibacterial agents against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
AID588519A screen for compounds that inhibit viral RNA polymerase binding and polymerization activities2011Antiviral research, Sep, Volume: 91, Issue:3
High-throughput screening identification of poliovirus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitors.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).2014Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 19, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Assay to Identify Inhibitors of the Apicoplast DNA Polymerase from Plasmodium falciparum.
AID1794808Fluorescence-based screening to identify small molecule inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum apicoplast DNA polymerase (Pf-apPOL).
AID1064724Antagonist activity at human P2X4 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-induced cytosolic calcium influx at 100 uM preincubated for 30 mins followed by ATP addition by Fluo-4 AM dye-based fluorescence assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3
Carbamazepine derivatives with P2X4 receptor-blocking activity.
AID1064727Antagonist activity at human P2X4 receptor expressed in human 1321N1 cells assessed as inhibition of ATP-induced cytosolic calcium influx preincubated for 30 mins followed by ATP addition by Fluo-4 AM dye-based fluorescence assay2014Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, Feb-01, Volume: 22, Issue:3
Carbamazepine derivatives with P2X4 receptor-blocking activity.
AID1159607Screen for inhibitors of RMI FANCM (MM2) intereaction2016Journal of biomolecular screening, Jul, Volume: 21, Issue:6
A High-Throughput Screening Strategy to Identify Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitors That Block the Fanconi Anemia DNA Repair Pathway.
[information is prepared from bioassay data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Research

Studies (6)

TimeframeStudies, This Drug (%)All Drugs %
pre-19900 (0.00)18.7374
1990's0 (0.00)18.2507
2000's0 (0.00)29.6817
2010's5 (83.33)24.3611
2020's1 (16.67)2.80
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]

Market Indicators

Research Demand Index: 13.13

According to the monthly volume, diversity, and competition of internet searches for this compound, as well the volume and growth of publications, there is estimated to be weak demand-to-supply ratio for research on this compound.

MetricThis Compound (vs All)
Research Demand Index13.13 (24.57)
Research Supply Index1.95 (2.92)
Research Growth Index5.08 (4.65)
Search Engine Demand Index0.00 (26.88)
Search Engine Supply Index0.00 (0.95)

This Compound (13.13)

All Compounds (24.57)

Study Types

Publication TypeThis drug (%)All Drugs (%)
Trials0 (0.00%)5.53%
Reviews0 (0.00%)6.00%
Case Studies0 (0.00%)4.05%
Observational0 (0.00%)0.25%
Other6 (100.00%)84.16%
[information is prepared from research data collected from National Library of Medicine (NLM), extracted Dec-2023]